Oil well pipe (API series)

1. Overview
Oil well TUBING is the basic material of petroleum industry, the special Tubing is indispensable for petroleum exploration and development, and the bulk strategic material of petroleum industry. Its quality and performance are related to the comprehensive economic benefits and security interests of the petroleum industry.
Classification of well pipe by use; Casing, tubing, DRILL PIPE, etc.; According to the production process can be divided into seamless oil well pipe and welded oil well pipe. CASING is mainly used to support the well wall during drilling and after completion to ensure the normal operation of the whole well during drilling and after completion. Tubing mainly carries oil and gas from the bottom of the well to the surface; Oil drill pipe is mainly used to connect the drill collar to the drill bit and transfer drilling power
The use of oil well pipe has been completely domestic, its performance can meet the requirements of the oilfield. The scope includes oil exploration and development drilling, oil production, overhaul operations and other major production systems and corresponding equipment manufacturing enterprises. The basic standard used in pipe production is the API standard (API is short for American Petroleum Institute). API well tubing production standards are API SPEC 5CT Casing Specification and API SPEC 5DP Drill Pipe Specification. API SPEC 5CRA Specification for Seamless Corrosion Resistant Alloy Steel Tubes for casing, tubing, and Joint materials is also being adopted to meet the demand for corrosion resistant alloy well tubes in domestic oilfield development. However, from the perspective of the development of well tubing products, in addition to API well tubing products, there are a small number of non-Api Tubing. Non - API pipeline is a special pipeline to meet the needs of oilfield exploration and development. They are used in small quantities. Most of them are high-end products for well tubing. Their performance and main technical indicators are characterized by four points: special geometry sizes, materials, types of steel, and special thread types not covered by API standards. These four aspects are the most significant differences from API well tubes.
With the technological progress of petroleum industry, the technical level of exploration and development is getting higher and higher. With the popularization and application of modern advanced drilling technologies such as complex horizontal well development and deep-sea oil and gas development, higher technical requirements are put forward for the performance of oil pipelines. Such as high-end special thread, anticorrosive materials, special strength requirements. API tubing is difficult to meet the special technical requirements of oilfield development. Especially in the old oil fields with complex geological conditions and long development history, the phenomenon of premature failure of oil well pipeline is more common, and the loss of economic benefits is serious. API well pipe can not meet the requirements of use. Non-api well tubing, such as high crush resistance, high corrosion resistance, and high performance gas seal threads, will be in increasing demand. For different oil field corrosion environment, such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, high salinity and other media, should be based on different temperature, pressure, PH environment, ion concentration, corrosive media content and composition, optimize the selection of materials, determine scientific and reasonable corrosion resistant materials.
In order to adapt to the geological characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and high corrosion in oil fields, it is necessary to further enrich and improve the types of corrosion resistant alloy made in China, and gradually catch up with the variety advantages of advanced production enterprises in the world. According to the different oilfield production environment, special thread will be more widely used. At present, foreign pipe manufacturers have developed more than 100 special thread types, considering both high-end special thread required for high-end service performance and economic thread required for low oil and gas development costs to meet the special requirements of different fields.
In addition, China's oil and gas resources have huge potential, according to the latest dynamic evaluation results of the country's oil and gas resources released by the Ministry of Land and Resources. China's oil and gas production is expected to double from current levels to nearly 700 million tons of oil and gas equivalent by 2030. The ability of oil and gas resource succession in the western region has been significantly enhanced, and a new pattern of west succeeding east will be formed.
At present, China's petroleum geological resources reach 103.7 billion tons, an increase of 36% over the 2007 assessment; Natural gas geological resources amounted to 62 trillion cubic meters, an increase of 77 percent over the 2007 assessment. According to preliminary statistics, the national oil production reached 210 million tons in 2013, up 1.8% year on year; Natural gas output was 120.9 billion cubic meters, including 117.7 billion cubic meters of conventional natural gas, up 9.5 percent year on year. Coal bed gas and shale gas production reached 3 billion cubic meters and 200 million cubic meters, respectively. The country has 320 million tons of oil and gas equivalent, up 4.6 percent year on year. The evaluation results show that around 2025, natural gas and oil will form a "" binary pattern, the proportion of unconventional oil and gas will gradually increase. Unconventional oil and gas such as shale gas, coal-bed methane and tight oil are expected to account for one-third of total production by 2030. In the remaining oil and gas resources, low-grade resources such as deep water, deep water and low permeability will account for about 2/3. The difficulty and cost of exploitation will gradually increase, which puts forward higher requirements for the demand of oil well pipe and the content of scientific and technological reform.

2. Current production situation of oil well pipe in China
At present, the global annual consumption of oil well pipe is about 14.5 million tons, of which 11.5 million tons of seamless pipe and 3 million tons of welded pipe. China has become the world's leading producer and consumer of oil and tubing. In 2012, the actual oil casing production was about 5.33 million tons, the domestic consumption was 3.2 million tons, the exports were 2.21 million tons, and the imports were 80,000 tons. Domestic oil casing production and consumption in 2013 are expected to be roughly the same as in 2012. (Incomplete statistics of drill pipe)
In the past 10 years, a number of modern pipe rolling units and pipe processing production lines have been put into production by the backbone enterprises of domestic steel pipe production, making China basically self-sufficient in oil well pipe from the last century when most people depended on imports. In 2012, the oil casing market share reached 97.63%. It effectively guarantees the safety and stability of oil well pipe supply in China and greatly reduces the oil field procurement cost. At the same time, a considerable amount of products are exported to meet the needs of the international market. China's oil well pipe industry has developed together with China's petroleum industry and has rapidly entered the international market, making China the world's largest oil well pipe producer.